Elements And Principles Of Art
Elements
And Principles Of Art
What are the elements and principles of art?
The elements of art are color,
form, line, shape, space, and texture.
The
principles of art are scale, proportion, unity, variety, rhythm, mass,
shape, space, balance, volume, perspective, and depth.
Use the
elements of art and design – line, shape/form, space, value, color, and texture
– to put together a complete composition.
Visual
artists use the aspects of art and design as tools.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
·
Line
·
Shape
·
Form
·
Value
·
Space
·
Color
·
Texture
Line
A moving point in space defines an art element.
Lines might be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, descriptive, oblique, or
abstract. In art, a line is essentially a dot or a succession of dots.
A line is
formed by the dots, and it can vary in thickness, color, and shape. Unless the
artist adds volume or mass to a line, it is a two-dimensional shape.
When an artist employs several
lines, the result is a drawing that is more identifiable than a line that
creates a form that resembles the shape's outside.
Lines can
also be inferred, such as when a hand points up and the viewer's eyes follow it
upwards without even seeing a true line.
Shape
A two-dimensional, flat, or height-and-width-limited piece of artwork.
Space refers to the region surrounding the art piece's main point and can be
positive or negative, shallow or deep, open or closed.
Space
refers to the area surrounding an art form; in the case of a structure, it
refers to the area behind, over, inside, or adjacent to it.
The shape
of a structure or other work of art is determined by the area surrounding it.
The children are dispersed around the image, providing space between them and
giving each figure its own identity.
Form
A three-dimensional element of art that encloses volume and encompasses
height, breadth, and depth (as in a cube, sphere, pyramid, or cylinder).
The
free-flowing form is another option. Whether it's the restrictions of a line in
a painting or the edge of a sculpture, the form provides structure to a work of
art.
It can be
two-dimensional, three-dimensional with height and weight restrictions, or
free-flowing. In a piece of work, the form also expresses all of the formal
components of art.
Value
Tones or
colors' brightness or blackness. The lightest value is white, while the
darkest value is black. Middle gray is the value that is halfway between these
two extremes.
Space
A technique for defining positive and negative areas in a work of art or
creating a sense of depth. Space refers to the region surrounding the art
piece's main point and can be positive or negative, shallow or deep, open or
closed.
Space
refers to the area surrounding an art form; in the case of a structure, it
refers to the area behind, over, inside, or adjacent to it.
The shape
of a structure or other work of art is determined by the area surrounding it.
The children are dispersed around the image, providing space between them and
giving each figure its own identity.
Color
Color is
a three-dimensional art element with three properties: hue, value, and
intensity. Hue, value, and saturation are all qualities of color. Red, yellow,
and blue are primary hues as well as primary colors.
When two
primary colors are combined, secondary hues, also known as secondary colors,
resulting in orange, violet, and green.
Texture
An aspect
of art that refers to how things feel, or appear to feel, when handled. To the
touch, the texture might be rough or smooth, simulating a specific feel or feeling.
The
texture of a surface also determines how your eye perceives it, whether it is
flat with little roughness or has changed on the surface, simulating rock,
wood, stone, or fabric.
With great brushwork and layers
of paint, artists gave texture to buildings, landscapes, and portraits,
creating the illusion of reality.
Saturation
The degree to which a color is saturated, and when
a color is fully saturated, it is in its purest form or most true version.
The three fully saturated hues
are the primary colors in their purest form. When white or black is introduced,
the color becomes washed out as the saturation diminishes. When a hue is
brilliant, it is thought to be at its most intense.
PRINCIPLES OF ART:
·
Rhythm
·
Balance
·
Emphasis
·
Harmony
·
Variety
·
Movement
Balance,
emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety; the method through which an
artist organizes elements inside a work of art.
Rhythm
A design
technique that creates a visual tempo or rhythm by carefully placing repeated
motifs in a work of art.
In art,
rhythm refers to a sort of repetition that is employed to show movement or
expanse.
In a painting of waves smashing,
for example, the spectator will notice movement as the wave concludes.
Brushwork that is aggressive and directed can help provide movement to a
painting.
Balance
A method of blending materials to give a work of
art a sense of balance or stability. Asymmetrical and symmetrical are the two
main types.
Emphasis (contrast)
A method
of combining items to emphasize the distinctions between them. Color, unity,
balance, or any other principle or aspect of art utilized to establish a focal
point can all be employed to create emphasis.
Artists
will utilize accent techniques such as placing a gold ribbon in a dark purple
field. The gold text stands out because of the color contrast between it and
the dark purple background, making it the focal point.
Proportion
The relationship of particular elements to the
whole and each other is referred to as a design principle. The relationship
between items in a painting, such as the sky and mountains, is called
proportion.
It seems out of proportion if the
sky takes up more than two-thirds of the artwork. In art, scale is akin to
proportion, and when something is not to scale, it can appear strange. It will
appear out of scale if there is a person in the photo with hands that are too
huge for their body.
Artists
can also employ scale and proportion to their advantage by exaggerating persons
or scenery.
Gradation
A technique for merging materials that involves a
sequence of progressive adjustments in the elements. (big shapes to little ones,
dark to light hues, and so on.)
Harmony
A
technique for merging similar parts in an artwork to emphasize their similarity (achieved through the use
of repetitions and subtle progressive alterations).
Variety
A design principle focused on contrast or
diversity. In a work of art, variety is accomplished by using varied shapes,
sizes, and/or colors.
Movement
A design approach that is utilized to generate the
appearance and sense of activity while also guiding the viewer's eye around the
piece of art.
What are the elements of design?
There are
twelve basic principles of design: contrast, balance, emphasis, proportion,
hierarchy, repetition, rhythm, pattern, white space, movement, variety, and
unity.
These
elements work together to create user-friendly, visually appealing, and
functional designs.
Here is a
list of the different elements of art:
Line is a stroke made through space. A line comes in
different lengths, and can be drawn vertically, horizontally, or curved. Line
is the foundation to drawing.
Shape is a closed line with boundaries. Shape is not just
circle and triangles, but can come in abstract forms too
Form is the combination of shape and line to create depth.
Form is what creates the illusion of three dimension.
Value is how light or dark something appears. Value plays a
very important part to shading and highlighting. Contrast is the relationship
between the light values and dark values. If there are very light areas and
very dark areas, there is a high concentration of contrast. If the values are
mainly grey and lightest vs. darkest is not very different, there is little
contrast.
Texture is what the surface looks like, like how rough or
smooth the drawing looks. Rarely does an art piece actually feel like the
texture. Rather, it is the illusion that the object that is drawn looks like it
shows this tactile quality.
Color has three properties-hue, value, and intensity. In
addition to these, there are primary and secondary colors. Red, yellow, and
blue are the primary, and orange, green, and purple are the secondary. One can
study the color wheel to see how these colors interact with one another,
(complementary are opposite of each other, analogous sit next to each other.
Space is the area between objects. Blank space if referred
to as negative space. With three dimensional art, space refers to perspective.
Perspective is the illusion of depth. Elements of perspective and space include
foreground and background. In general, space and perspective refer to the
overall layout of the art piece.
These are the seven elements of
art.
(The elements of art are different than the
principles of art. You can think of it like the elements of art are the basic
tools, and the principles of art are how to use those basic tools. In order to
become a better artist, one must feel comfortable and understand the elements
of art. )
The 7 formal elements of art are:
- Line - a point in motion, with only one dimension in length.
- Shape - an enclosed area.
- Colour - when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye.
- Texture - how you think it feels.
- Tone - refers to the lightness or darkness of a colour.
- Form - what makes something appear 3-dimensional.
- Space - refers to distance around or above an object
- Positive and negative space.
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